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Minggu, 02 Oktober 2011

Committee seeks new members pesticides

Wednesday, September 28, 2011wheat growing

The Advisory Committee on pesticides (ACP) is searching for five new members, including one who should represent the food standards agency. Independent scientific advice on the safe use of pesticides offers the ACP.

The ACP is looking especially members with expertise in the following areas: Toxicology, public health and pesticide residues. The Agency candidate should have knowledge on chemical issues of food security, the assessment of risks to the consumer. Candidates for this position should be as well the Agency targets the consumer takes precedence and be open and accessible.

The Committee meets seven times a year in York. Appointments are for three years, from January 12 2012. closing date for applications, Monday, October 17, 2011.

For information or an application pack please visit the ACP Web site.



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Food standards agency news

Consumer-to-understand good hygiene practice for the storing and preparation of vegetables, reminds after two e. coli outbreaks of the food standards agency (FSA).



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Lindt and Sprungli some Lindor draws white chocolate truffles

Monday, October 3rd, 2011

Lindt and Sprüngli has withdrawn some of its Lindor white chocolate truffles because they possible traces of hazelnuts and almonds, which a risk to humans, the allergic to or intolerant, hazelnuts or almonds are included. The Agency has issued a warning.

Anyone who is an allergy or intolerance of nuts recommended not to eat the affected packs of the product.

The product is withdrawn:

Lindt Lindor white chocolate truffles, 200 g

Four batches of the product mentioned above were made in a row, where hazelnuts and almonds were used, but the affected areas were marked with "may contain traces of nuts". The company has withdrawn from sale the most appropriate batch and will be remnants relabelling.

Customer notes have been issued, that someone who bought it return one of these products to the store for a full refund. Lindt and Sprüngli in also a consumer helpline set up: 0208-6024100.

In addition the company will inform the relevant allergy organizations, who will tell their members about the withdrawal.

No other Lindt and Sprüngli products are known to be affected.

Sometimes, there is a problem with food, which means that it should not be sold. Then it might be 'withdrawn' (taken off the shelves) or 'remembered' (when customers are asked to return the product). Sometimes need to food are withdrawn or recalled if there is a risk for the consumer, because the allergy labelling is missing or is incorrect or if it other food allergy risk.

In such situations, the Agency will issue an allergy alert. It is also possible to subscribe to an email alert system to receive automatic messages when allergies are issued warnings. Click on "get notifications" in the box at the bottom of this page to find more information.

They can learn about the latest allergy warnings, as soon as they are issued, which is the information as a text message directly to your mobile phone sent.

To log in to this free service, simply send the text message ' start allergy 'to the number 62372." Unsubscribe, just text ' stop allergy ', the same number.

You can also subscribe, to our really simple syndication (RSS) feed for food and allergy alerts. RSS is a format for distributing news content and is an easy way to keep up-to-date on a site with the latest news. If we publish via RSS, you get a 'News aggregator' or 'Newsreader' automatically updated content on. Our RSS feed contains a short summary and a link back to our Web content. Click on ' what is RSS' on the left side of this page for more details.



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Waste cut in Dounreay seafood sampling

Thursday, September 29, 2011scallop shells

The food standards agency in Scotland has today announced that the changes have made to the rules for seafood sampling to Dounreay nuclear site, the monitor radioactivity. The changes will reduce waste, and to continue to protect the public health and the environment.

Site operator Dounreay site restoration Ltd (DSRL) had informed the Agency, that excess seafood was removed from the restricted zone from sampling in 1997 introduced and applied for a review. In response, the FSA and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) agreed a new process with them. This collected sufficient material for radiological analysis, excess be returned seafood and non-food species for the environment is to.

1997, In the wake of the discovery of the radioactive particles around Dounreay were limited to fish and collect seafood from a zone two kilometers radius at the end of the pipeline liquid discharge Dounreay centered. These restrictions were by the then Scottish Office arrangement under the food and Environment Protection Act 1985 ("FEPA order") created. In order to assess vulnerability to food, one was "sampling consent" published, making the site operator and SEPA to seafood within the FEPA zone.

At the time, there was little information about the particle or the risk that they could be on the food chain. The process was therefore very careful and it was not possible for fish and seafood, which are required for analysis, returned, there was a possibility that this could mean, resettlement radioactively contaminated material into the sea. This by-catch was therefore returned to the country and disposed of in landfills.

According to FEPA name was the extensive research under advice by the independent Dounreay particles Advisory Group of SEPA furnished. This offered a wealth of data about the particles and their changes in the marine environment, so that they now better understood much. With this data, the Agency published a risk assessment in March 2009, that the food chain risk was minimal.

Sampling will be DSRL, crabs and lobster mainly catch is carried out every month by setting the nets. 2010 Was taken over by more than 900 crabs and more than 200 lobster a surplus, end up in height of almost 40 kg of crab and about 30 kg lobster meat into landfills. Only about 10 crab and lobster five every month are enough to provide meat for the analysis.

The revised agreement can all excess animals to the sea is to be returned. These include pregnant animals, animals that are sold to small and non-food species.



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Updates to the colors associated with hyperactivity-products

Monday, October 3rd, 2011colours in bowl

The Agency has updated its product line, that associated with possible hyperactivity in children do not contain the six food colours.

Product lines produce another company the colors have been added to the list for free: Simon Howie food.

The list of companies, products have never, which contained six colors and have redrafted companies who remove their product ranges, the colors. The colors that are identified by a University of Southampton study funded by the food standards agency:

Sunset yellow FCF (E110) quinoline yellow (E104), Carmoisine (E122) Red allura red (E129) TARTRAZINE (E102), Ponceau 4R (E124)

The Agency is the product areas promote the food industry to participate in the voluntary ban notice. The voluntary ban was agreed by the Ministers in November 2008.

Consumers who are particularly concerned about the presence of colors should further labels, in particular for products with long shelf-life, where the availability of the reformulated products may vary.

"All food producers, retailers or caterers, to notify Benedict Duncan, e-Mail should be that their brands or products are free of these colors on the details, the Agency: mailto:benedict.duncan@foodstandards.gsi.gov.uk"

The Agency website will be updated regularly as new information is made available.



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Heera reminds milk powder

Thursday, September 29, 2011

P & B Foods Ltd is Heera milk powder pointing out, because it has been packaged in unapproved premises. The Agency has to remember a product note issued.

The product is zurückgerufen:

Product: Heera milk PowderWeight: 200 g and 700gBest before: all date codes


The company is recalling all batches of the milk powder, and messages are to retailers and wholesalers who will supply the product. If you have purchased the affected milk it back to your next shop for a full refund.

No other P & B Foods Ltd products are known to be affected.

If it a problem with food, which means that it not was, to be sold it can be that 'withdrawn' (taken off the shelves) or 'remembered' (when customers return the product). The food standards agency is product withdrawal notice information and product recall information consumers noticed that and know local authorities on issues relating to food. In some cases a ' food alert for action ' issued. This allows local authorities to information on specific measures for consumers.

You FSA alerts about product recall and withdrawal, either by e-Mail or SMS text eligible. Visit the Get Alerts page on the link to the below on this page to find out how.

You can also subscribe, to our really simple syndication (RSS) feed for food and allergy alerts. RSS is a format for distributing news content and is an easy way to keep up-to-date on a site with the latest news.

If we publish via RSS, you get a 'News aggregator' or 'Newsreader' automatically updated content on. Our RSS feed contains a short summary and a link back to our Web content. Click on ' what is RSS' on the left side of this page for more details.



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Consumer recalls, wash vegetables

Friday, September 30, 2011e-coli

Consumer-to-understand good hygiene practice for the storing and preparation of vegetables, reminds after two e. coli outbreaks of the food standards agency (FSA).

"Unfortunately, it is a myth that you do damage a little bit of dirt not"

In Germany an outgrowth was connected this summer outbreak with more than 3,000 cases of O104 Escherichia coli infection eventually fenugreek seeds. Cases were also in a number of other countries, including France.

From December to August 2011, 250 cases of infections with e. coli O157 PT8 in the UK were reported. This outbreak is now over, and was not related to the outbreak in Germany, which is a different strain of e. coli. The health protection agency has today reported that there is a connection between the disease and treat some loosely raw vegetables at home, although it is safe to eat when properly treated soil may have had on you with harmful bacteria.

The FSA has considered research into these outbreaks, consumer attitudes and behaviour towards food safety when preparing vegetables. It shows:

The perceived risk of poisoning by vegetables was low, while most consumers in question provided were restricted more carefully when dealing with Meatthere consciousness, that was a cross-contamination of vegetables to other food was a food safety Riskraising awareness of the danger of bacteria in the soil would help people who understand why she should wash and vegetables properly without unnecessary concern

Dr. Andrew Wadge, Chief Scientist at the food standards agency, said: ' Unfortunately, it is a myth that a little dirt do you harm; Ground can sometimes carry harmful bacteria, and although food producers clean have good systems vegetables, the risk can never fully be eliminated. Control of infection of e. coli O157 is based on an awareness of all possible sources of bacteria and high standards of hygiene, where it can exist.

' Outbreak of this disease is a timely reminder, be sure to wash that all fruits and vegetables, salad, including, before you eat it, unless they ready marked are to-eat, to ensure that they are clean. It is also important to thoroughly wash hands boards, knives and other utensils as chop also clean after the preparation to prevent vegetables to cross-contamination.'

Escherichia coli, known as e. coli, is a type of bacteria in the digestive tract of many animals, including humans found. The most strains are harmless, but some strains can cause serious illness.



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ASDA is reminiscent of the coronation of coleslaw

Monday, September 26, 2011

ASDA is its chosen by you Coronation coleslaw with a ' use by '-date reminds the 29 September 2011, due to improper packaging. A number of containers have incorrect lid, list it as potato and Bacon salad. This means that allergy warning information is wrong, and the product is a potential risk for people, sensitive to sulphites health.

The product is taken:

ASDA selected by you Coronation coleslaw, 280gUse by: 29 September 2011

The company recalled the stock with the affected date code. Customers were displayed in stores, explained the reasons for the recall to customers notes.

If you have purchased the product, you can return it to the store for a full refund.

In addition the company of the relevant allergy has contacted its members of the recall affected about organizations, informed.

No other ASDA products are known to be affected.

About allergy alerts
Sometimes, there is a problem with food, which means that it should not be sold. Then it might be 'withdrawn' (taken off the shelves) or 'remembered' (when customers are asked to return the product). Sometimes need to food are withdrawn or recalled if there is a risk for the consumer, because the allergy labelling is missing or is incorrect or if it other food allergy risk.

In such situations, the Agency will issue an allergy alert. It is also possible to subscribe to an email alert system to receive automatic messages when allergies are issued warnings. Click on "get notifications" in the box at the bottom of this page to find more information.

They can learn about the latest allergy warnings, as soon as they are issued, which is the information as a text message directly to your mobile phone sent.

To log in to this free service, simply send the text message ' start allergy 'to the number 62372." Unsubscribe, just text ' stop allergy ', the same number.

You can also subscribe, to our really simple syndication (RSS) feed for food and allergy alerts. RSS is a format for distributing news content and is an easy way to keep up-to-date on a site with the latest news. If we publish via RSS, you get a 'News aggregator' or 'Newsreader' automatically updated content on. Our RSS feed contains a short summary and a link back to our Web content. Click on ' what is RSS' on the left side of this page for more details.



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Kamis, 29 September 2011

Zebra And Cattle Make Good Lunch Partners, Researchers Say

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Cattle and zebra share a meal in a pasture in Kenya. Enlarge Ryan Lee Sensenig/Science

Cattle and zebra share a meal in a pasture in Kenya.

Cattle and zebra share a meal in a pasture in Kenya. Ryan Lee Sensenig/Science Cattle and zebra share a meal in a pasture in Kenya.

Those of us who eat beef can thank cattle for turning grass into something tastier. But grass is not always easy to come by, especially in Africa. And without grass, where's the beef?

That's a big deal in Africa, where there's something of a range war going on — cattle versus just about any other grazers running wild: Oryx, buffalo, hartebeest, gazelle, and especially zebra. Conventional wisdom is that the wildlife eat the grass out from under the cattle. So some people shoot the wildlife, which is one reason wildlife numbers are crashing in much of the continent.

But some researchers who've spent the last 17 years watching cattle eat grass say, Don't squeeze the trigger so fast. (Yes, watching cattle eat grass takes dedication, especially when you have to weigh them in the field).

 

Ecologist Wilfred Odadi of the African Wildlife Foundation says he and his colleagues found that when cattle grazed shoulder to shoulder with zebra, the cattle actually gained more weight than when they dined alone. No doubt they also had more fun, zebras being somewhat more frolicsome than cows.

Here's why zebra make good dining companions: In the wet season, grass grows fast and soon gets tall and "rank." Basically, it gets fibrous and unappetizing to cows, says Truman Young, an ecologist at University of California at Davis. He's a grass guy; when he looks at a cow, he actually sees grass.

"What the zebra do is, they lop that (shoot) off," he says. "That encourages the regrowth of fresh shoots from the base, and those fresh shoots are just more edible. It's like having the choice of having bran muffins or blueberry muffins, I guess."

But, a note of caution. It only works this way in the wet season. In the dry season it's dog eat dog — and the zebras do eat the cattle's lunch.

Still, scientists say the research, which appears in the journal Science today, could help ranchers manage cattle and wildlife together, to their mutual benefit. And it might even work in the U.S.

Johan du Toit, an ecologist at Utah State University, is trying the same experiment with cattle and wildlife in the Utah plains – you know, where the buffalo roam, and the deer and the antelope play. His encouraging word: "It's worth a try."



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How Community Supported Agriculture Sprouted In China

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AppId is over the quota
Little Donkey Farms' mascot, Professor, is a symbol of the challenges faced by the farm Enlarge Daniel Charles/NPR

Little Donkey Farms' mascot, Professor, is a symbol of the challenges faced by the farm

Little Donkey Farms' mascot, Professor, is a symbol of the challenges faced by the farm Daniel Charles/NPR Little Donkey Farms' mascot, Professor, is a symbol of the challenges faced by the farm

It's a little hard to tell, walking through Little Donkey Farm, in a village northwest of Beijing, whether this is just a charming but ineffectual protest against the tide of Chinese history, or a sign that the tide may be shifting.

Little Donkey is an organic farm. (Yes, there is an actual donkey. More about him later.) Dozens of different vegetables grow here: Eggplant, green beans, Chinese cabbage, corn, and some that I've never seen before. There's also a small barn filled with pigs.

It's also the first Chinese Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) farm. Four hundred families pay an annual membership and get, in exchange, a share of the harvest. Another 260 families rent small plots of land for their own gardens.

 

Shi Yan, a soft-spoken but determined young graduate student from Beijing's Renmin University, set up this operation three years ago — inspired, in part, by her experience working for six months with Earthrise Farm, a small CSA in western Minnesota. (There are at least 4,000 CSA farms in the U.S.)

"It changed my life," says Shi Yan. She arrived at Earthrise Farm thinking that she would study its business model, "but living with them, I realized that it's not just a model, it's a style of life. Before that, although I cared about rural problems, I never thought about living in a village. After I came back, I moved to this village and started this farm."

It was an audacious move, because it goes against every recent trend in Chinese agriculture — which, it's worth remembering, feeds 20 percent of the people on earth. Young people, especially young men, have been abandoning rural villages for better jobs in cities.

Little Donkey, being organic, uses only manure and compost for fertilizer, but most Chinese farmers abandoned those methods over the past forty years. They're now among the world's biggest users of synthetic fertilizer, and it's helped them boost their food production dramatically.

There's now plenty of food in China, but some people worry about its safety — especially since a nationwide scandal in 2008 involving toxic contamination of milk powder and tests (carried out by the environmental group Greenpeace) that found traces of banned pesticides on supermarket vegetables.

Now, more people are buying food that's labeled "organic." More people are visiting Little Donkey. And at least three dozen other Chinese CSAs are now in business.

But the food is not the only thing that brings people here. In a country that sometimes seems obsessed with making and selling things, Little Donkey Farm is a tiny island of Chinese counterculture. "It's mostly for relaxing," says Gao Xiang, who's there with his family, spending a Sunday tending their part of the community garden.

"Little Donkey Farm isn't just the land, or the food. We can know each other and create new ideas. We make friends here," says Fang Danmin, an editor. "It's small, but it's a trend."

Watching it all, from inside his pen, is an actual donkey named Professor. It's the farm mascot, a symbol of its ideals, but also - unintentionally - the difficulty of realizing those ideals in today's China.

"About this donkey, we have a long story," says Shi Yan. "Five or six years ago, we had a very hot discussion about whether China should keep traditional, small-scale farming. One side said we need to use donkeys to plow the land. The other side said we need tractors. At the end, my advisor Professor Wen said, 'We won't discuss this anymore. But I will buy a donkey, and my wife will name the donkey!'"

"But the embarrassing thing is," Shi Yan continues, "we hoped that we could use this donkey to plow the land. But then we figured out that in the village, there was not even one farmer who know how to work with the donkey! So right now, she can only stay in the pen."



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Water, water everywhere, but to lose enough

Here is a fact worth thinking about: agriculture 70% of all water used worldwide for a particular purpose. And the demand is the world's population and our growing appetite for meat. This corresponds to the UN food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which published this poster and others growing recently in a striking series on the central role of water in our food.

FAO  

But what is if the water runs out, so that wilted fields and empty stomachs? In some places - think of California, and China's Yellow River basin – there is a real lack of water for agriculture. But according to a collection of studies just published in the journal water international, which is an exception to the rule.

Researchers examined ten of the most important river basins in the world, including the Nile, the Mekong, the Volta and the Indus-Ganges, and came to the conclusion that there is most of them, enough water for all.

The hook? It has divided fairly and efficiently used be.

In sub-Saharan Africa, where is the lowest agricultural productivity and food shortages are the most common "Large amounts of rainwater lost or never used," says Alain Vidal, Director of the programme of challenge on water and food, the studies given.

Small tank could help. You catch the precipitation and save it until it is needed. Equally important: all farmers need access to the stored water, not just the wealthy and well connected.

The "challenge program, which funded these studies is the brainchild of a far-flung network of institutions of the Consultative Group on international agricultural research called. It is dedicated to the improvement of crops and agricultural practices in the world's poorest countries.



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Sandwich Monday: In Memoriam

The underlying connection what closed: A connection that what expected to be kept alive was closed by the server.
On the off chance you'd like it open-faced. Enlarge NPR

On the off chance you'd like it open-faced.

On the off chance you'd like it open-faced.NPR on the off chance you'd like it open-faced.

Arch West, creator of Doritos, died last week at the age of 97. his family will reportedly toss Doritos over his funeral urn before covering it with dirt. In acknowledgment of Mr. West and his great invention, we thought we'd devoted today to the Doritos sandwich. There are a number of recipes out there - one calls for peanut butter, jelly, and Doritos - but we went with the simple Doritos and miracle whip on wonder bread.

Eva: The miracle whip makes it horrible.

Peter: It's not the Doritos' fault. It's never the Doritos' fault.

Ian: Yeah. Just think, without Arch West, we'd just be eating miracle whip on white bread right now.

 

Mike: Here's the thing about Doritos: if all you have in your house is Doritos and white bread, you don't make a sandwich. You just eat Doritos.

Robert: And use the white bread as a coaster.

Ian: I'm guessing if all you have in your house is Doritos and white bread, you're not a coaster person.

Eva sculpts the mysterious Doritos Sandwich Ball.Enlarge NPR

Eva sculpts the mysterious Doritos sandwich ball.

Eva sculpts the mysterious Doritos Sandwich Ball.NPR Eva sculpts the mysterious Doritos sandwich ball.

Eva: One recipe says you can just mash it into a ball, if you need to take it to go.

Mike: It looks like a Doritos pod. Is this where Doritos come from?

Ian: Finally, a who ball for people aren't good at sports.

A look inside the mysterious Doritos Sandwich Ball.Enlarge NPR

A look inside the mysterious Doritos sandwich ball.

A look inside the mysterious Doritos Sandwich Ball.NPR A look inside the mysterious Doritos sandwich ball.

Eva: It's got a great crunch, but it's still horrible.

Peter: It's the Marni Nixon of sandwiches. Nobody wants to look at it but it sounds great.

Robert: I'd like to thank Arch West for all these memories and empty calories.

Mike: I guess you could say what lies before US are his crumb-ains.

Ian: Ashes to ashes, dust orange to orange dust.

[The verdict: as a sandwich, it's not the best.] This proves, I like to think, that Arch West created something that couldn't be improved upon: it's best in its essential form. [It may thus prove that miracle whip is kind of large, but that's for another day.]



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How will a small red fruit taste wonders for ' taste hikers '

The miracle fruit from West Africa has a chemical that binds to and boosts sweet taste receptors in the presence of acidic foods.Courtesy of Keiko Abe

The miracle fruit from West Africa has a chemical, which binds and increases the sweet taste receptors in the acidic food.

A small crimson Berry from West Africa discovered lemon lemonade by Westerners nearly three centuries ago and vinegar in cider, with at least as far as the tongue can make is concerned.

Makes the chemical Miraculin in "Miracle fruit," known as the Berry, sour things immediately eaten afterwards sweet and taste sweet things taste super sweet. It has inspired and one small counter-culture "taste trippers", who come to it (or a tablet that contains it) Pan on their tongues and then sample a parade of food to his mind-bending properties to present.

But how it works, and, even more importantly, how it cool party trick to potential weapon against obesity, go may be little understood, so far.

 

In a paper in the proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, a group of Japanese chemist palate explain kidnapped as Miraculin.

Keiko Abe, Professor of biological chemistry at the University of Tokyo, and principal author of the paper, says Miraculin receptor binds tightly to sweet taste and then she slides at full speed, only if pH in the mouth starts to delete - sour in the acidic range from something as when you an immature strawberry or lime food. Miraculin that bind is so tight that the effect lasts 1-2 hours.

Miraculin Suss receptors that influence is so great, it turns out, there may be other sweet push-out. "If sweet substances are present in the mouth together, it is likely that the Miraculin monopolized almost the sweet taste receptor," Abe says the salt.

It was the first time the fruit, 1989 Aß, Abe says, she "surprised and thrilled" by the fruit makes - so enthused that they deleted what to she worked to investigate Miraculin.

But Abe is by far the only in the Miraculin honeyed vices caught. A number of chefs have also experimented with miracle fruit, both to entertain Diners and diabetics and under nourished.

In Boston designed school of culinary arts a flavor stumble Chief Eliana Hussain at Cambridge menu for mystery this year to meet, a group of adventurous Diners. Seth Resler, founder, says the 8-course menu including dishes like Citrus Salad with mint and yogurt and crazy from shrimp and strawberries.

"It was unusual," says Resler. "The strawberry tasted like they were dipped in icing sugar, different during the shrimp taste not." "The best thing to do is everything trying before and after, because the flavors can change much in only an hour."

Chicago Chef Homaro Cantu, co-host of the Discovery Channel show future food has taken over even a fondness for miracle fruit. He and pastry chef Ben Roche to work a miracle Berry diet book with desserts that Wired reports contain no sugar, and they offer their latest restaurant, iNG.

You also say it could against hunger makes nutritious is used but inedible plants such as grasses, taste good to people, the difficulties in cultivation or purchase of other types of food.

Japanese food chemist is Abe to agree the Miraculin can be taken, to work outside of the taste, the redemption of the world. Could it be a no calorie sweetener for patients with diabetes, obesity and other metabolic syndromes, she says.

But for all these good intentions, price could be an obstacle. Mberry, a company that tried the miracle fruit anger, cash in fees $42 for only 10 fresh berries (shipping). This is unfortunately no wonder.



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Lemongrass brings essential spark South-East Asian cuisine

Lemongrass stalks, when finely chopped, add a unique citrusy note to Thai cuisine.Enlarge iStockphoto.com

Lemongrass stalks, if finely chopped, Thai food, a unique citrusy Note Add.

Lemongrass stalks, when finely chopped, add a unique citrusy note to Thai cuisine.iStockphoto.com Lemongrass stalks, if finely chopped, Thai food, a unique citrusy Note Add.

Imagine that you trekking are concrete jungle by just about every South-East Asian city. The first, which, that you notice is the hotchpotch tempting, some odors, downright rank. In the midst of urban smell Rama stands out a sweet fragrance plant. It is lemon grass. And it is almost everywhere.

This herb is Indonesian and other Asian kitchens, which are popular in the West in recent years Thai, Vietnamese, important, Cambodian. And lemon grass takes a lot of the credit for the light and aromatic character of the South-East Asian cuisine. It is for lightening meat Laden, greasy dishes appreciated and strong fish smells. Thai people swear on their legendary medicinal properties.

To really understand the role of lemon grass in Thai cuisine, NAJ, visit's a family-run restaurant and cooking school Bangkok busy convent road. The son, shows Tanaporn Markawat us where he is some of its components.

 

"So now we are herbs in the garden." "We have over 50 herbs", he says, pointing out over the Court. "We have Lemongrass, basil, cumin, pandanus... the key ingredients that we in Thai cuisine to use."

Tanaporn removes the hard, fibrous outer layers of a stalk Lemongrass, revealed his pink inner and unleashes an incredible smell.

Inhale deeply, and are a fragrance, intense and decorated like a Curlicuing record crafted eaves of the roof of a Buddhist temple.

Dependent, and too much oil Asian restaurants on frying and deep frying can be a problem. But lemon grass, Tanaporn says, lift the weight to oil, and replace this weight with a vegetable sharpness and an exquisite lightness.

"In most of the Thai courts, we use the lemon grass, it is very important," he explains. "Sometimes when you have the Curry, Curry is oily and Lemongrass can help to digest, it can help, circulation." "It is very healthy is", he says.

A freshly tossed Thai lemongrass salad is served on betel leaves at Naj, a Bangkok restaurantEnlarge Anthony Kuhn/NPR

Thai mixed salad fresh Lemongrass leaves at NAJ on betel, restaurant serves Bangkok.

A freshly tossed Thai lemongrass salad is served on betel leaves at Naj, a Bangkok restaurantAnthony Kuhn/NPR a freshly mixed Thai Lemongrass salad on betel is served a Bangkok restaurant goes to NAJ,

To really understand the power of the lemon grass, food you have a bunch of the stuff... in the form of salad, Thai Lemongrass raw. It is a dish, you will find rare in restaurants outside of Thailand, but it is not hard to make. Lemongrass is always on the Asian markets and grocers in the United States

Tanaporn cuts several Lemongrass stalks in small slices. Crunch add bits of dried shrimp, squid, and peanuts. Small chili peppers provide punch - far above its weight. Finally Tanaporn pours on a Federation lime juice, fish sauce and sugar. He throws the salad and serve, the wrapped it in jade green colored betel leaves. The resulting dish is typically Thai in its combination of citrus fruits, seafood, hot, sour, salty and spicy aromas.

Lemon grass grows wild and in gardens throughout South East Asia. Tanaporn's mother explains Luckananaj that if to get Thais in their gardens a few herbs with dinner Cook go, what it is again with Lemongrass. It is only what it for go.

Tanaporn also shows, such as important Lemongrass, Tom yum is Gong, Thailand's most iconic soup. He says that the Lemongrass helps to prevent that the shrimp overwhelmed fine soup coconut and other flavors.

Lemongrass is also a key ingredient in the cuisine of Indonesia, spicy rendang, beef or chicken, rice and salsa-fragrant spices such as Sambal.

At Jakarta-bed and breakfast, owner and cooking Teacher Clara Sitompul prepares one of their specialties: beef soup with Lemongrass flavour.

First, Sitompul cut the beef into cubes. She will then bring to the taste of the Lemongrass, something no Indonesian cuisine without.

It's called a stone slab with pestle a Cobek that is used to grind spices. Then stir-fries them the onion, lemon grass and ginger.

Sitomopul is cooking the beef and terminated the soup by adding a plate with celery, onions, tomatoes, pepper, coriander and lemon peel damsel.

She says the best way to describe the taste of lemon grass is by its effect: appetizing, adjacent to the Pawlowschen.

"If you cooking, you will be hungry with this lemon grass if you smell," she says joint system of course proudly from the hearty, spicy soup.



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Kids' Sugar Cravings Might Be Biological

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AppId is over the quota

Ask a child if they like sweets and the answer is almost universally a resounding "Yes!" It's no surprise to most parents that kids love candy, cookies, sweetened drinks, and some kids have even been known to add sugar to a bowl of Frosted Flakes. But don't blame the kids, say researchers: It's biology.

Scientific evidence shows that children not only have a stronger preference for sugar than adults – but that sweet-tooth is hardwired from Day One.

"We know that the newborn can detect sweet and will actually prefer sweeter solutions to less sweet ones. The basic biology of the child is that they don't have to learn to like sweet or salt. It's there from before birth," explains Julie Mennella of the Monell Chemical Senses Center.

 

Unlike adults, who often find overly sugary things unpleasant, Mennella says kids are actually living in different sensory worlds than adults when it comes to basic tastes.

"They prefer much more intense sweetness and saltiness than the adult, and it doesn't decrease until late adolescence. And we have some evidence they may be more sensitive to bitter taste," Mennella says.

A reason for this may be that a preference for sweet, caloric substances during rapid growth may have given children as an evolutionary advantage when calories were scarce. That notion is supported by the fact that sugar doesn't just taste good to children -– it actually makes them feel good, too.

Mennella's research has shown that sugar is a natural pain reliever in children, and many hospitals even put a sweet-tasting liquid in a baby's mouth during circumcisions or heel stick procedures to help lessen the pain.

When researchers gave adults and children water mixed with various amounts of sugar, adults preferred sugar concentrations similar to that of a can of soda, while finding higher concentrations too sweet. By comparison, children preferred at least twice that concentration, and younger children had virtually no limit.

"You can keep putting sugar in to the point where you can't dissolve it in the water anymore and they still like it," says Sue Coldwell, a researcher at the University of Washington who has studied kids and sweets.

But there seems to be an age limit on the super-sized sugar preference.

Coldwell and her colleagues suspected that sugar preferences changed during adolescence. They checked a bunch of indicators, like body image and hormones, and then they checked bone growth. They gave the sugar-water test to adolescents while simultaneously measuring a marker of bone growth in their urine. What they found was that kids who were still growing preferred sweets. Those whose growth had already stopped –- around age 15 or 16 — had taste preferences similar to adults.

Exactly how this all works is still somewhat of a mystery, but Coldwell says that one important clue lies in the discovery that growing bones actually secrete hormones that can influence metabolism. Other well-known metabolic hormones like leptin and insulin have been shown to act on brain areas that control cravings and appetites, and even directly bind to the tongue, where they affect the preference for sweet tastes. Coldwell suspects that hormones from growing bones may be doing the same thing. In other words, it's not your kid's fault he raided the cookie jar – the hormones from his growing bones made him do it.

"I don't know for sure, but I am very suspicious that the bones are somehow telling either the brain or the tongue that there is energy needed for their growth and signaling for that preference to increase," says Coldwell.

That's not to say a kid can't overdo it. In a modern world of calorie overload and childhood obesity, cravings for sugar are no longer the evolutionary advantage they once might have once been. But if the goal is to get children to reduce their intake of sugar, researchers say understanding the biology behind their cravings is the first step.



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'Diversity Bake Sale' Stirs Up Controversy

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The Berkeley College Republicans based prices of their baked goods on customers' race and gender. The Tuesday event was protesting proposed legislation that would allow race, gender and ethnicity to be considered in the admissions process across California public universities. Guest host Jacki Lyden speaks with Berkeley College Republicans President Shawn Lewis and UC Berkeley student body President Vishalli Loomba.

Copyright © 2011 National Public Radio®. For personal, noncommercial use only. See Terms of Use. For other uses, prior permission required.

JACKI LYDEN, host: I'm Jacki Lyden and this is TELL ME MORE from NPR News. I'm sitting in today for Michel Martin.

In a moment, a new sound in Jewish liturgical music that blends jazz and Afro beats. We'll speak with the folks behind the band, Afro-Semitic Experience, in a bit.

But first, a less harmonious diversity experience. A Republican student group at the University of California, Berkeley, hosted the Increase Diversity Bake Sale yesterday, but it stirred up more anger than anything by setting different prices for baked goods, based on the customer's race and gender.

The advertised prices for cookies and cupcakes were $2 for white customers, $1.50 for Asian, $1 for Latinos, 75 cents for blacks and 25 cents for Native American customers. All women got an additional 25 cent discount.

It was the Berkeley College Republicans' way of protesting legislation that would allow California Public Universities to consider race in student admissions. And while some critics called the tactic racist, the Republican student's counter the same could be said about the admission policies.

Here to talk with us about the controversial bake sale, are Shawn Lewis, President of the Berkeley College Republicans; and Vishalli Loomba, President of the University of California Berkeley Student Body.

Welcome to you both.

SHAWN LEWIS: Thanks for inviting us.

VISHALLI LOOMBA: Thanks. I'm glad to be here.

LYDEN: Shawn Lewis, why this approach and how did you come to the price structure of different monetary amounts for each ethnic group?

LEWIS: Well, the subject and the debate of race in politics in America is undoubtedly a controversial issue. So, to face that controversial issue with a controversial event, doesn't seem all that extreme.

Now, this pricing structure specifically got a lot of the outrage and that was the main point of our message, was that treating people differently or discriminatorily, based on race or color of their skin, is inherently wrong. And so we really wanted to create emotional response and dialog because of that pricing structure. And I think we did accomplish that.

LYDEN: I'm curious - how much money you've made.

LEWIS: We brought in - this really surprised me. We brought in almost $800. I'm not sure how, on a bake sale that was being called racist and discriminatory in the middle of Berkeley when you could name your own price. And we actually sold out. Sold over 300 cupcakes, about 200 cookies, brought in almost $800, which will go to a charity. We're speaking to a few charities right now that we have relationships with, but at this moment, we don't want to disclose if that's going to be controversial and make them look bad for receiving that money. So at this point, we're still figuring out where to send that.

LYDEN: Vishalli Loomba, the school's chancellor sent an open letter condemning the bake sale, calling for respectful debate and there were even threats of physical violence leading up to yesterday's sale. Things got heated.

Tell us, what was student reaction like as far as you're concerned?

LOOMBA: I've heard a lot from students, from the very beginning, when the group was first publicized last week, that students were very uncomfortable at the event and felt extremely offended, and felt unwelcome and unwanted on campus. And it created a very divisive and uncomfortable environment.

And so, for that reason, the student government went ahead and called a special meeting and actually did the same thing, and discussed student group conduct and how student groups should be able to express their opinions, -which I completely value BCR's opinion on SB 185 and them wanting to vocalize how they feel about it and that's perfectly valid. But I think that there are much more constructive methods in which to do so that aren't so offensive and don't upset the campus environment and campus community.

LYDEN: I understand there were some competing bake stands.

LOOMBA: Yeah, there were. It was incredible to see a huge counter-protest. Many students - hundreds of students from different student communities all across campus came together and actually did a silent protest and laid out all across (unintelligible). And I think it was very effective and it was absolutely incredible to see students from all over come together and stand up against something that they found so offensive.

LYDEN: If you're just joining us, you're listening to TELL ME MORE from NPR News. I'm Jacki Lyden and I'm speaking with Shawn Lewis, President of University of California at Berkeley's College Republicans, about the group's bake sale to protest diversity initiatives in campus admissions.

And also with us is Vishalli Loomba, student body president at U Cal Berkeley.

So Shawn, what are your thoughts now that this over about how things went and whether it was constructive?

LEWIS: Well, first off, about campus climate, you know, I see the ASUC - which is the Associated Students of the University of California, which is our student government, and Vishalli's position here is an important, you know, mitigator in terms of making sure there's a comfortable campus climate. And I see that as a very difficult position that they have to take and so I respect everything that the ASUC has done.

However, when we talk about campus climate, when the ASUC, the student body senate, came out with a bill condemning any event that made any group feel uncomfortable or any event, whether satirical or not, the language of the bill to condemn this kind of activity was pretty specifically targeted at the event we held, the bake sale.

And very little conversation has been made about the actual response that we got on the Facebook page, the threats that were made to members of our group, the intimidation that was made specifically and also implicitly.

Now, individually, members have come out from the student body, from the student school administration, and condemned any of these threats and I understand that. But it seems that the direction of the debate on campus has been about how this event has created a possibly uncomfortable climate for certain groups.

But, really, we haven't talked much about the response that the Berkeley College Republicans have gotten for standing up for their views. So campus climate's important, but I think we need to admit and look at both sides of this issue in that there were definitely threats going toward the people supporting this bake sale.

LYDEN: The Senate Bill 185, which was presented to California Governor Brown earlier this month, will become law unless he vetoes it. It's interesting because California voters had banned the use of race and gender preferences in state university admissions and hiring.

Vishalli, why do you think it's reemerged? Do you think it's important?

LOOMBA: Definitely. SB 185 isn't affirmative action and it doesn't give applicants preferential treatment in application, it just adds to the holistic process. And it actually is in line with the current legislative intent from the state of California that directs the UC system and the CSU system to enroll a student population that is reflective of the current population of California, in terms of our cultural and ethnic and racial diversity.

LYDEN: Do you think that the university, when it comes to admissions, can provide an atmosphere that is supportive and clear without that legislation?

LOOMBA: I think that this extremely helps the process. It helps create a more holistic application and adds to it, in order to give admissions - officers in the admissions office - a better view and a better picture of each applicant.

LYDEN: Vishalli Loomba is student body president at U Cal Berkeley and Shawn Lewis is president of the Berkeley College Republicans there and they joined us from Berkeley.

Thank you both very much for your time today.

LEWIS: Thank you.

LOOMBA: Thank you.

Copyright © 2011 National Public Radio®. All rights reserved. No quotes from the materials contained herein may be used in any media without attribution to National Public Radio. This transcript is provided for personal, noncommercial use only, pursuant to our Terms of Use. Any other use requires NPR's prior permission. Visit our permissions page for further information.

NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by a contractor for NPR, and accuracy and availability may vary. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Please be aware that the authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio.



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Growing Listeria Outbreak In Cantaloupe Prompts Focus On Prevention

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Worker holds up a cantaloupe for sale Enlarge Ed Andrieski/ASSOCIATED PRESS Worker holds up a cantaloupe for sale

UPDATE: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Director Thomas Frieden said in a press conference today that officials "do anticipate a rising number of cases in days and weeks to come" in the cantaloupe-listeria outbreak, the deadliest in over a decade.

"There are suspect cases that are under investigation" in the state, says Sherri McGarry, a senior advisor in FDA's office of foods, who has been involved in the investigation.

She added that officials are investigating potential environmental sources for the outbreak, such as animals getting into the fields, water quality, growing practices, harvesting, and processing practices.

The news that at least 13 people have died and 72 have gotten sick from eating listeria-tainted cantaloupe tied to a Colorado farm — and the likelihood that more illnesses are on the way — can be scary stuff to consumers.

As we noted last week, it's pretty unusual that the bacteria is showing up in fruit. It's normally linked with dairy and deli meats — the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's listeria illness prevention website doesn't even mention fruit as a source.

Plus, listeria's long incubation period in the gut and in the fridge means the threat is potentially sticking around longer than in other food-related outbreaks.

So what are some practical things we can do to keep from getting sick?

 

Definitely don't follow the examples of yesterday's episode of the latest cooking celebrity TV show, The Chew. As Washington Post Food Editor Joe Yonan and others noted in several tweets posted during the show, it looked like their chicken prep efforts were cross-contaminating cutting boards with salmonella right and left.

It sounds simple, but washing your produce, even the non-edible skin of melons like cantaloupe, is key to preventing the transfer of bad bacteria like salmonella, listeria and more.

As our colleagues at NPR's Health Blog Shots say, "The knife that cuts through the melon's tough exterior can transfer nasty bugs to the sweet flesh you do consume."

What to wash with? There's a lot of fancy and pricey veggie washes out there, but stick to basics, says Allison Aubrey. She reported on a rigorous test conducted by the food magazine Cook's Illustrated a couple years back that found a simple solution of three parts water to one part vinegar did the best job.

"So it's a 30-second, 50-cent investment," the magazine's Jack Bishop tells Aubrey.

Also, as a precaution against spreading all kinds of food-borne illness, the CDC recommends keeping cutting boards and knives cleaned and separated, washing your hands before and after food preparation, keeping your fridge cooled to at least 40 degrees, and those pesky things your mom's always bugging you about — clean up spills on the counter and fridge right away.

The people at the highest risk for listeria illness are the elderly, pregnant women and those with compromised immune systems. So if you're caring for somebody in these categories, take extra precautions when it comes to food prep.

Listeria infections can cause septicemia, meningitis (or meningoencephalitis), encephalitis, as well as intrauterine or cervical infections in pregnant women, which may result in spontaneous abortion or stillbirth. Before these illnesses show up, people report flu-like symptoms or upset stomach symptoms, like nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, according to the FDA.

Later today, FDA and the CDC will hold a joint press conference to update the public on the status of the cantaloupe investigation, and our colleague Nell Greenfieldboyce will have a story on All Things Considered.



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Salvadoran Treats Win N.Y. Street Food Award

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NPR is following six people in the St. Louis area who started 2011 unemployed and searching for work.



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Caffeinated women can fight depression with every Cup

See that sparkle? It could be the caffeineEnlarge iStockphoto.com

You will see that sparkle? It could be that the caffeine

See that sparkle? It could be the caffeineIStockphoto.com, see that sparkle? It could be that the caffeine

For many of us, coffee is the first thought of the day. Gives only us the buzz, the energy and the next question makes us questions, make it at home or I a further $4 at the local Starbucks shell, as I work race?

Now, you can decide to do both, if you have seen new research which suggests that women who drink more than a cup a day can reduce the risk of depression.

The women drink more coffee, the, we reduce our risk of depression, according to the study. And as one of five women with depression at some point in life are diagnosed, it value can look, that double shot espresso.

 

A study published in the archives of internal medicine found, that women, the two to three cups drank coffee per day reduces the risk of depression by 15 percent, compared to women who consumed a cup or less per week.

Those who drank over a cup of coffee per day reduced their risk of depression, although not nearly so much.

The study led senior author Dr. Alberto Ascherio, Professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard School of public health.

Ascherio says that he is not quite sure how people feel caffeine is better. "Our results show that caffeine can have a positive effect at the cellular level, and can neurons lost to neurodegenerative disease," he says time's blog, Mook. "We build a certain sufficient evidence that caffeine has long-term effects on the risk of depression, but we can not the attribute on all pathology."

The largest reduction of the risk, according to the study saw the largest coffee-drinkers. Those who drank at least four cups a day reduces the risk of depression by 20 percent.

Researchers from the Harvard School of public health in the ongoing nurses' saw more than 50,000 women health study. The average age of participants was 63. None of the women were diagnosed with depression at the beginning of the study.

Over 10 years researchers documented the number of women, the depression developed, and compared to the amount of caffeine that consumes them. Eighty percent of the data volume caffeine in coffee; 12 percent in tea and five percent in caffeinated drinks.

Researchers caution that it is too early to celebrate with a "Joe" from race and mental health. Further study is needed, actually demonstrate that caffeine has a protective effect against depression.

In the coffee, and caffeinated products have sometimes earned a bad reputation, but concerns to much caffeine does not seem easy, according to an editor's note at the end of the archive paper be pan.

Seth Berkowitz is aiming for its effects to the cardiovascular problems to study inflammation and even cancer have shown little effect.

He says "Together, these results make coffee drinkers, which seem to exist no glaringly harmful health effects of coffee consumption".

Earlier research, including a study among people, suggests that caffeine reduced depression, suicide, and could possibly have a protective effect against certain prostate play to.



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The papaya: Food for America's forgotten fruits

29 September 2011

Audio for this story of morning Edition will be at approximately 9: 00 am ET available.

[Interactive:Tiny Desk Kitchen: Ever Had A Pawpaw?]

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Food for the papaya: America's forgotten fruit or fruit of the future?

So, what's the heck a papaya?

Recently, I heard about a secret snack. Kayaker, who told the water in the vicinity of Washington, D.C., paddling me mango-like fruit that grows on the banks of the Potomac - a dotted and comfortable skin, which conceals a delicious treat.

A tropical-like fruit here really? Yes. It is a tropical family of trees only moderate. You can not buy the papaya in stores, so was the only way to eat them for years, directly from the tree.

I was intrigued. So I me on the hunt for a papaya decided.

D.C. naturalist guide Matt Cohen showed me how to find them.

We have the Billy Goat trail on the Maryland side of the Potomac River. "Wow" was cost, the first word out of my mouth when I have a we found on our hike. It's kind of mango-meets the banana... with a little touch of melon.

Although you have not heard perhaps, the papaya has throughout history. Thomas Jefferson was at Monticello Pawpaw. And when he was Ambassador to France 1786, he had sent papaya seeds of friends there. Probably, he wanted his friends to impress exotic from America.

Lewis and Clark wrote in their journals, that they were very much like the papaya. At one point during their expedition in 1806, she put on Pawpaw when other provisions ran low. From Michigan, West Virginia, people have towns and Lakes of the papaya named and even.

But the papaya has not before been commercialized recently. This is one reason why you don't see it in the supermarket. So far there is to sell only a few orchards to farmers markets. These advances are largely thanks to the work of the plant scientists Neal Peterson.

He spent the last 35 years, appearance, and taste more like a fruit that we would buy to make breeding the papaya. He was selected and varieties, which become bigger, with more meat.

After tasting his first wild papaya 35 years ago, he had a eureka moment.

"It was only a revelation," he says. Peterson thought that each piece of the opponents have had the papaya a perfect peach or Apple fruits, the thousands of years of breeding.

Why this had with someone not the papaya? "I could make only immediately the leap of the imagination,", he says.

And three decades later, he has some to show much. His Pawpaw are sold in a few orchards and farmers markets.

And now it's beyond novelty. Study of the nutrients in the papaya is a food scientist at Ohio University, Rob Brannan. So far, he published a study, that the number of antioxidant in the fruit be pretty high.

Pawpaws may look like mangos, but unlike other tropical fruits, they are native to North America.Increase the size of Abby Verbosky for NPR

Pawpaw can such as mangoes, but they are unlike other tropical fruits, in North America.

Pawpaws may look like mangos, but unlike other tropical fruits, they are native to North America.Abby Verbosky for NPR Pawpaw can such as mangoes, but they are unlike other tropical fruits, in North America.

"It is the same as a cranberry about" or a cherry Brannan says.

If scientist a 'health Halo' of the papaya, Brannan says, there would be commercial lift the fruit. It has already happened. Pomegranate juice, anyone?

"Yum - wonderful flavor," Joan foster said after tasting their first papaya in Olney farm market recently. A try you will wait for a long time. You are just a few weeks in the year - and season is almost over the papaya.

So if you are intrigued, beer, papaya does come back again tomorrow for papaya recipes find sorbet... and papaya a few tips.



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The farm bill: Prime launch non-profit budget target

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Tobacco farmer cuts leaves during the Great Depression. Enlarge Dorthea Lange/library of Congress

Tobacco farmer cuts leaves during the great depression.

Tobacco farmer cuts leaves during the Great Depression.Dorthea Lange/library of Congress tobacco farmer cuts leaves during the great depression.

With the 2012 farm bill coming up almost, we decided to ask our colleagues at harvest public media to help up take a closer look at what it is and how it shapes food policy and land use in on occasional series. First up: how bill we got to today's farm, and where the political winds might blow in the next round.

The farm bill which created as a temporary hand out to farmers created during the depression, but now it's practically a permanent legislative fixture - a massive spending bill Congress passes every five years. Farm bill spending reached record levels in 2000, paying out $24.7 billion in subsidies. In fact, spending has remained above $14 billion annually over the last 10 years.

This year, there may be a new urgency to reexamine bill farm payments, given all the deficiency talk in Washington. Direct payments are especially vulnerable (more on these in a bit). To boot, in recent years grain prices have hit record highs, reigniting debate over whether the government should be subsidizing farmers at all.

So how did the government get in the business of supporting farmers, anyway?

 

During the great depression, most people lived in rural areas, and many families literally risked losing the farm. That's because farmers were producing more food than people were buying, so prices were too low for many to keep up their mortgage payments.

"So attacking poverty on farms was really a national priority for attacking poverty in the U.S.," says Bruce Babcock, the director of the Center for agricultural and rural development at Iowa State University.

So as part of FDR's new deal, Congress passed the agriculture adjustment Act of 1933. Essentially, the law paid farmers not to grow food on a certain percentage of their land to reduce glut the market. It therefore called for the government to buy excess grain from farmers, which it could later release on the market if bad weather affected yields.

It also included a nutrition program - the precursor for food stamps - to feed the hungry. Now, we're not going to deal with the nutrition part of this bill just yet, but it's interesting to note that the modern-day version of the nutrition programs dwarf the farm bill payments, even though the farm bill payments often get more attention.

Five years later, the Congress turned the AAA and related laws into more permanent legislation, and the farm bill as we know it was born. Since the 1938 legislation, Congress has been required to update the farm bill every five years (well, they're not always on time).

Most of the subsidies go to corn, wheat, cotton and soybean farmers - fruits and vegetables as well as are largely left livestock (other than dairy) out. (More on that later, too.)

From 1933 to 1996, the farm bill pretty much ran this way: the government bought and stored massive amounts of grain, controlling its release on the market to prop up prices, and the U.S. Secretary of agriculture dictated to farmers yearly how much of their land they needed to lie fallow to get paid.

A drastic turning point came in 1996, when Congress proclaimed it was finally time to start letting the free market manage farm incomes. With the freedom to farm Act, the government abruptly pulled out of price supports and the grain management business. Some Republicans including then speaker of the House Newt Gingrich touted the bill as the first major step toward phasing out all farm subsidies, says Babcock.

But shortly after that, commodity prices started to fall.

"It was clear to Congress by late 1998 that we can't of let farmers twist in the wind here with no support," says Neil Harl, emeritus professor of economics at Iowa State University and a frequent advisor to Congress on all things farming.

So Congress backtracked and pushed through several new farm programs, including the now-controversial direct payments, which are pretty much what they sound like. Regardless of market conditions, the government writes grain farmers support checks; the amount of the subsidy is based on farmers' historical yields and acreage (from the 1980s). The idea of what that government would no longer link eligibility for subsidies to planting certain crops, but would still help support farmers suffering from low prices in the late 90s.

Because direct payments are made regardless of crop yields, they have little effect on U.S.production levels. The law what written that way to avoid running afoul of trade laws, although nations have South the U.S. over subsidy policies, saying they lower global agriculture prices and give American farmers an unfair advantage. Case in point, cotton.

So in the 1996 bill, the government made farmers enroll in heavily-subsidized crop insurance programs in order to be eligible for farm program payments. Enrollment took off, and crop insurance subsidies now rival direct payments in terms of spending.

A few years after the freedom to farm Act, the government paid record subsidies to American farmers - over $20B annually from 1999-2001.

A major criticism has been that the wealthiest farmers get the most in subsidies. In fact, according to the environmental working group's crunch of USDA numbers, between 1995 and 2010, 10 percent of farmers who received subsidies took home three-quarters of farm subsidy dollars. About 62 percent of American farmers do not receive any subsidies at all, according to 2007 data.

And that brings US to today. In the last few years, grain prices have soared. Farm families are making more than non-farm families on average, says U.S. Department of agriculture Chief Economist Joe Glauber. However, this does not necessarily include money made off the farm, like the farmers who take outside jobs.

It's just plain become harder to justify farm subsidies, especially direct payments, with market prices so strong. Even President Obama said last week that farmers can afford to give up some subsidies to help slash the deficit.

"I think that if you look at the budget problems we're under, I don't see where having very large budgets for agriculture are sustainable." "I think that be pressured, and I think we will see significant will cuts in the agriculture budget as we move forward," says Glauber.

Still many farm organizations will fight tooth and nail to save government support programs for farmers. Grain prices may be high today, but any farmer will tell you that won't last forever. Many farm groups are willing to give up direct payments as long as they can keep a government safety net - like crop insurance.

Clearly, the debate over to what degree the government will continue to support farmers and at what cost is just getting started.

For more on this story, check out harvest public media's coverage here.



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Fresh Curry leaves add a touch of India

I studied mechanical engineering in Bangalore and loved the town, with its gardens, cool temperatures and open areas on foot. I attended a few years ago and was sadly disappointed. The city that I loved had become crossed with masses, and the light, open feeling was gone. But I found that the food as always was still so fantastic - and I have a new discovery. Local bakeries are seasoned on reels with Indian spices and herbs bake. Here, my interpretation of curry leaf bread from modern spice is adapted by Monica Bhide (Simon & Schuster 2009). Since flour vary from brand to brand and region to region in their protein content, you must adjust the amount of liquid in this recipe.

Curry Leaf Bread

Makes a 1 pound loaf of bread

4 Cups all-purpose flour

2 TBSP sugar

2 1/4 Teaspoon (1 yo) instant yeast

1 Teaspoon salt

1 Teaspoon of ground turmeric

1 Tsp cumin crushed seeds,

2 Tablespoons finely chopped fresh Curry leaves

2 El butter

3/4 Cup water (more, if necessary)

1/2 Cup evaporated milk

Place the flour, sugar, yeast, salt, turmeric, cumin and Curry leaves in a large bowl and whisk to combine.

Heat the butter, melt water and milk until the butter. To warm to the touch (110-120 degrees) allow to cool.

After the warm fluid that add dry ingredients and mix with a wooden spoon, until a soft, but not tacky dough forms. You can not all of the liquid, but if the dough is too dry, add hot water a tablespoon at a time, until a dough.

Knead the dough onto a clean work surface to be and for about 5 minutes, or until you have a soft, smooth and elastic dough.

Remove the dough a lightly greased Bowl type, with a damp cloth and rise in a warm, draft-free place to in bulk, 45 to 60 minutes doubled.

Place the dough on a clean work surface, and that for a minute or two.

Form and in a greased 8 1/2-by 4 1/2-inch - Loaf-pan take place. With a damp cloth and rise, until the dough about 1 inch above the top of the Pan (45 to 60 minutes).

In the meantime, heating you the oven to 375 degrees with a rack in the middle position.

35 To 45 minutes, until top is golden brown and the bread hollow sounds when it is tapped on the bottom of baking you the bread.

Remove remove from pan and cool on a wire rack before cutting.



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More expensive PB & J in the forecast, due to lack of peanut

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Rabu, 14 September 2011

Spring break can explain peak in teenage pregnancies.

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Forscher haben herausgefunden, dass die relative Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Empfängnis in den Monat März höher ist, wenn Sie ein im schulpflichtigen Alter Jugendlicher sind, als wenn Sie ein Erwachsener sind.

"Es ist sicherlich eine interessante Feststellung,", sagt Mary Anne Jamieson, außerordentlicher Professor in der Queens Abteilungen der Geburtshilfe & Gynäkologie und Pädiatrie, ein praktizierender Arzt Kingston General Hospital und Co-Autor des Papiers. "Dieser Gipfel der Teenager-Schwangerschaft kann von biologischen Gründen wie Variationen in Fruchtbarkeit im Laufe eines Kalenderjahres erklärt werden, aber es ist auch möglich, dass diese erhöhte Vorstellung-Rate im März wegen der Frühlingsferien."

Die Forscher untersuchten alle 838 Jugendliche Schwangerschaften, die über einen Zeitraum von fünf Jahren, die in der Kingston aufgetreten und verglichen die Konzeption-Preise pro Monat mit einer Stichprobe von 838 Erwachsene-Vorstellungen, die im gleichen Zeitraum aufgetreten sind. Während mehr Erwachsene insgesamt im Laufe des Monats März begreifen, sind ein größerer relativer Prozentsatz der Jugendlichen Schwangerschaften zu dieser Zeit im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen Schwangerschaften konzipiert.

Dieser Gipfel in Jugendlichen Konzeptionen fällt mit der einwöchige Pause alle Ontario High-School-Schüler gegeben.

"Solange die Frühlingsferien der Grund für diese Aufschwung in Jugendlichen Schwangerschaften dann vielleicht ist kurz vor der Urlaub ein guter Zeitpunkt für eine proaktive Platzen der Familienplanung Informationen und Zugang, wäre so dass Jugendliche für den Urlaub mit Empfängnisverhütung Bewusstsein und positive sexuelle Gesundheitsstrategien in ihren Köpfen frisch Kopf ab," merkt Dr. Jamieson.

Diese Studie wurde Kingston General Hospital durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse werden in einer kommenden Ausgabe des Journal of Pediatric & Jugendlichen Gynäkologie veröffentlicht werden.

Artikel von Medical News Today von original-Pressetext angepasst.

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Der Queen's University (2011, 9. September). Spring Break erklärt Peak In Teenager-Schwangerschaften. Medical News Today. Abgerufenen 9. September 2011 von http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/234097.php MLA
Der Queen's University. "Spring Break kann Peak In Teenager-Schwangerschaften erklären". Medical News Today, 9. September 2011. Web. 9 Sep, 2011.

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Selasa, 13 September 2011

Overcoming resistance to targeted cancer drug

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Main category: colorectal cancer
Also included in: cancer / Oncology;  MRSA / drug resistance
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Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and colleagues overseas have discovered a pair of backup circuits in cancer cells that enable the cells to dodge the effect of a widely used cancer drug. Jamming those circuits with targeted therapies may heighten or restore the drug's potency, according to a study published in science translational medicine.

The research focused on the drug cetuximab, on antibody that interferes with cancer cell growth by blocking a structure known as the epidermally growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cetuximab is effective in many patients with colorectal cancer or squamous cell cancer of the head and neck, but the benefits rarely last than a longer year, and some patients receive no benefit from the drug.

Until now, scientists haven't known why cancers that initially respond to cetuximab become resistant to it, or how to overcome such resistance.

In the new study, researchers led by Pasi Janne, MD, PhD, of Dana-Farber and Kimio East, MD, PhD, formerly of Dana-Farber and now at Kinki University School of medicine, Osaka, Japan, found that in some cetuximab-resistant cancer cells, a protein known as ERBB2 was actively sending "grow" signals, circumventing the "stop growing" signals triggered by cetuximab. The researchers discovered that ERBB2's activity jumped from an oversupply of the protein's parent, HER2/neu gene, or by a related protein, ERBB3, when prompted by high levels of the protein heregulin. In both cases, the new growth messages are unaffected by cetuximab.

"ERBB2 activates a critical signaling pathway that is not normally blocked by cetuximab, and in this way, subverts cetuximab's function," says Janne, the study's co-senior author with Kazuhiko Nakagawa, MD, PhD, of Kinki University. "Because ERBB2 isn't of affected by cetuximab, this is an easy way for cancers to become resistant to the drug."

The findings suggest that combining cetuximab with ERBB2-inhibiting drugs could be an effective therapy for cancers that are cetuximab-resistant from the start become resistant over time or for those that, the study authors say. Several such have already been approved inhibitors, while others are undergoing clinical study.

"We hope the findings of our study will inspire the development of clinical trials aimed at overcoming cetuximab resistance," East remarks. "We've identified biomarkers that can be used to select cetuximab-resistant patients who may benefit from a combination of cetuximab and ERBB2 inhibitors."

Janne estimates that up to 40 percent of colorectal cancers are cetuximab-resistant when first diagnosed. He notes that although the ERBB2 pathway may be responsible for many cases of cetuximab resistance, there are undoubtedly other pathways, yet to be discovered, that play a similar role. Further research is needed to confirm ERBB2's role, cetuximab resistance and to develop strategies for testing ERBB2 inhibitors and cetuximab in clinical trials.

Funding for the study which provided by grants from the national institutes of health, the American Cancer Society, the William Randolph Hearst Foundation, and the Hazel and Samuel Bellin research fund.

Article adapted by medical news today from original press release.

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Co-authors of the paper include Kreshnik Zejnullahu, Dalia Ercan, Andrew Rogers, Juliet Philips, MS, Jason Sun, Takafumi Okabe, MD, PhD, Jeffrey Swanson, MD, and Ramesh Shivdasani, MD, PhD, Dana-Farber; Isamu Okamoto, MD, PhD, Taroh Satoh, MD, Masayuki Takeda, MD, PhD, Yasuhito Fujisaka, MD, Toshio Shimizu, MD, PhD, Osamu Maenishi, Hiroyuki Itoh, MD, Kiyotaka OKUNO, MD, Minoru Takada, MD, Masahiro Fukuoka, MD, and Kazuto Nishio, Aichi, MD, PhD, Kinki University, Osaka, Japan; Federico Cappuzzo MD, Massimo Roncalli, MD, Annarita DESTRO, PhD, and Instituto Clínico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; John Souglakos, MD, PhD, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Yonggon Cho, and Marileila Varella-Garcia, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Denver; Koichi Taira, MD, and Koji Takeda, MD, Osaka City General Hospital, Japan; and Eugene Lifshits and Jeffrey Engelman, MD, PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital.
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SPX-106T treatment leads to significant reductions in serum VLDL and LDL cholesterol in mice

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Also included in: clinical trials / drug trials;  Pharma Industry / biotech industry
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Spherix incorporated (NASDAQ: SPEX) at innovator in biotechnology for therapy in diabetes, metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, and providers of technical and regulatory consulting services to food, supplement, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies announced that its drug candidate, SPX-106, achieved a statistically significant reductions in VLDL and LDL cholesterol when administered in combination with Dtagatose (SPX-106T) for nine weeks to genetically engineered mice prone to dyslipidemia. The aortas of these mice also showed reductions in the extent of atherosclerotic lesions as measured by lesion area in response to treatment. These lipoprotein analysis and lesion measurement results represent the final data from the study whose earlier triglycerides outcome which first announced on June 2, 2011.

Treatment of animals using a range of low doses of SPX-106T twice daily significantly reduced VLDL by 35% (from 127 mg / dl to 82 mg / dl) and LDL by 18% (from 141 to 116 mg / dl) (p = 0.05). Importantly, the same therapy so reduced atherosclerotic by area in the aortic arch to less than one - the value of the untreated group helped (graphic available at http://www.spherix.com/pdf/press/PRgraphic9-12-11.pdf). The aortic arch is generally the region where vessel disease first develops. In longer studies and in models in which high serum triglycerides fully develops, disease spreads in the vessel from the aortic arch to include the thoracic aorta. The study what not powered for an atherosclerosis endpoint and the aortas were obtained for post hoc analysis when the effectiveness of SPX-106T in lowering triglycerides and cholesterol became apparent.

Earlier this year Spherix initiated the preclinical development of SPX-106T as a treatment for hypertriglyceridemia in one arm of a study designed to evaluate both D-tagatose alone and the combination. The first studies designed specifically to test SPX-106T are nearing completion and results will be announced this fall. The company plans to start at initial human efficacy study in the first quarter of 2012. rapid progression to the clinic is made possible by the experienced team in place at the company.

"Having just successfully completed two global clinical trials for a diabetes indication, Spherix has the personnel to design and execute new dyslipidemia trials much faster than other companies of a similar size," notes Dr. Claire Kruger, CEO of Spherix. "The preclinical pipeline of our Biospherics subsidiary can be advanced to the clinical stage rapidly because the company is able to successfully execute multiple studies simultaneously."

Source: Spherix incorporated

Article adapted by medical news today from original press release.

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Spherix incorporated (2011, September 9). SPX-106T treatment yields significant reductions in serum VLDL and LDL cholesterol in mice. Medical news today. Retrieved September 9, 2011 from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/234136.php MLA
Spherix incorporated. "SPX 106T Treatment Yields Significant Reductions In Serum VLDL And LDL Cholesterol In Mice". Medical news today, September 9, 2011. Web. 9 Sep, 2011.

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